| Title: | Crude Oil Ingestion And Kidney Health Amelioration Effects Of Vitamin E In The Growing Pig |
| Author(s): | Johnson N. C., 1Eli O. H, Fakae L. B., & Diri, M. |
| Abstract: | This primary objective of this study was to investigate the amelioration effect of vitamin E on kidney health of growing pigs fed high crude oil-contaminated diet. 24 landrace pigs with average body weight of 15.9 ± 1.2 kg were used in the trial. The pigs on arrival at the animal wing of the Rivers State University Teaching and Research Farm were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups of 8 pigs per treatment. They were allowed to be fully adapted to their new environment for 7 days during which they were similarly managed. Water was provided ad libitum and pigs were de-wormed by ivermectin injection subcutaneously. A broad spectrum antibiotic (amoxicillin) was intramuscularly given to ensure good health status. At the end of the adaptation period, pigs were fed their experimental diets: treatment 1 (T1, contained 0 gram of crude oil and no supplemental vitamin E/kg of diet), treatment 2 (T2, contained 15 gram of crude oil/kg of diet), treatment 3 (T3, contained 15 gram of crude oil + 460 mg of vitamin E/kg of diet), respectively for 4 weeks. At the end of 4-weeks of treatment administration, blood samples were collected from the 8 pigs in each of the treatment groups and immediately snap-frozen in ice for later analyses. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were analyzed for. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in the BUN serum concentrations. BUN levels of animals in T1 and T3 animals were similar and significantly lower than those of T2 animal group. Similarly, the serum concentrations of creatinine in T1 and T3 animals’ groups were statistically similar but significantly (P < 0.5) lower than those of animals in the T2 group. It was concluded that vitamin E has an ameliorative effect on kidney health following high crude oil ingestion in the growing pig. |
| Keywords: | Crude oil, Kidney health, Blood Urea Nitrogen Creatinine, Vitamins E and the Pig |
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